Essay --

Stalin’s Rise What effective tactics did Joseph Stalin use to rise to power? Emily Goetz 3-10-2014 Word Count 4th hour Question: What effective tactics did Joseph Stalin use to rise to power? Thesis: Over the course of several years, Stalin consolidated his power through the use of political scheming, maintaining a respectable image, and by out-maneuvering his opposition in the Communist Party. A. Plan of Investigation: Over the course of several years, Stalin established his power through the use of political scheming, maintaining a respectable image, and by out-maneuvering his opposition in the Communist Party. Stalin’s rise shows the importance of how political figures maneuver their way to the top and how a dictator achieves legitimacy. In the future, when leaders are rising, they can be compared to Stalin’s and stopped if there are close similarities in ruthlessness. This paper is narrowed to Stalin’s rise to better elaborate on several of the tactics Stalin used to obtain power. I need to find videos from history to show what Stalin was like physically around others. I need to locate speeches, and perhaps recording by other party members about Stalin to show Stalin’s ruthlessness. B. Summary of Evidence: Stalin was drawn into the city’s revolutionary circles after â€Å"discovering the works of Karl Marx† (McKinney). In 1903, the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party split into two, known as the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks. Stalin joined the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin. Between â€Å"1902 and 1913 Stalin was arrested and sent into Siberia seven times† (Haugen). Between exiles Stalin continued work for the Bolsheviks and met Lenin for the first tim... ...de sure to give only those who agreed with him any power, and eventually Congress was filled with a majority of Stalin supporters. When Stalin’s opponents took the left side, Stalin took the right and vice versa. As a result, Stalin maneuvered his way into the Party so much that he practically guaranteed his own success as Lenin’s successor. By the time the Party's core realized what had happened, it was too late, and the only person with the authority to challenge him, was on his deathbed and incapable of speech after a series of strokes. Stalin took down Leon Trotsky and in 1925, and forced Trotsky to resign from the party. Stalin exiled Trotsky from the Soviet Union in 1929, and had him assassinated in Mexico in 1940 (Stalin). Stalin knew how to use his position as an advantage, even to the point of abusing his powers, so they he could defeat his opponents.

Rights and Freedoms of Aboriginals

The rights and freedoms of Aboriginals have improved drastically since 1945 with many changes to government policy, cultural views and legal rules to bring about a change from oppression to equality. Unfortunately on the other hand, some rights and freedoms have not improved at all or have even worsened. Firstly the change in legal and constitutional rights have been a great creator of rights for the Aboriginal people. Up until 1967 the Aboriginals did not have the right to be counted in the census.This was basically a way of saying that the Aboriginals were not Australians, almost not even people. Fortunately the 1967 referendum gave Aboriginals citizenship. It did however not end any discrimination against the Aboriginal people and merely allowed them to legally join society but not socially join society. Another change to Aboriginal rights and freedoms was the constitutional change also by the 1967 referendum which allowed the federal government to pass laws over the Aboriginal pe ople.This was to change section 51 of the constitution which stated â€Å"The Parliament shall, subject to this Constitution, have power to make laws for the peace, order, and good government of the Commonwealth with respect to: †¦.. The people of any race, other than the aboriginal people in any State, for whom it is deemed necessary to make special laws. † This was great news as it stopped the states making unfair laws on Aboriginals and stopping them from travelling from state to state.On the other side however it was completely disrespectful as it stated the commonwealth must show respect to everyone except the Aboriginals. Another large milestone in the improving rights of the Aboriginals was the fight and subsequent win over land rights. The quest for land rights began in 1963 with the Bark Petition. The bark petition was a petition that was sent from the Yolngu people to the federal parliament that was written on a piece of bark. Unfortunately for the Aboriginals, this petition was rejected and instead the land rights were given to a local mining company.This ruling was justified under the concept of Terra Nullius, saying that the land was not settled. Another challenge to land ownership was the Tent Embassy on the parliament house lawns. This constant public pressure caused the government to express interest in giving land rights to Aboriginals. This was completed with Justice Woodward’s report in 1974 that recommended that Aboriginal reserves are to be returned to Aboriginal ownership, that Aboriginals had claim to vacant land if they could prove ties with the land, that Aboriginal sacred sites were protected.This was great as it gave power to the Aboriginals. It did however also mean that if they had sacred land that was already owned if not even used would not be returned to them. This was passed in 1976 when the Aboriginal Land Rights Act was passed. Later in 1981 the Northern Territory government opposes land rights and attempts to amend the land rights act to stop claims of owned stations and property. The attitudes of the white Australians also had a huge impact on change of rights and freedoms as it pressured the government into giving Aboriginals rights and freedoms.The 1967 was testament to this when a huge 90. 77% of Australians agreed that Aboriginals had the right to be counted in the census. There has never been any real public objections to giving aboriginals rights, merely quiet harbored prejudices in the persons’ mind. On the other side of the case the Aboriginal rights in general have not improved with many Aboriginals being mistreated and discriminated against. The statistics do not speak honestly about public opinion.The rights and freedoms of Aboriginals have been fuelled by an ever increasing wave of Aboriginal activism and increased self-esteem. Aboriginal activism began with the Bark Petition in 1963 and has caused almost all of the government change. The freedom rides of 1964, th e Wave Hill protest in 1966, Even the abolishment of the policy of assimilation was caused by the Aboriginals constant protest and pain of the stolen generation. The most dominant display of Aboriginal activism however was the creation of the Tent Embassy on the lawns of Parliament House.

Illegal Immigration and its Concerns - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 979 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Sociology Essay Level High school Tags: Illegal Immigration Essay Did you like this example? Nowadays this is a situation that has become very common in several countries with High Human Development Index: Illegal Immigration. It refers to ‘the migration of people into a country in ways that violate the immigration laws of that country, or the remaining in a country of people who no longer have the legal right to remain (Wikipedia). Over many years to this date many are the constraints that countries such as England, France, the United States, Germany, Canada, and others, are facing because of this problem. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Illegal Immigration and its Concerns" essay for you Create order Due to their economic situation, high level of technological advancement, high social indicators, quality of life, among other premises, these countries have faced problems with Illegal Immigrants. Due to the large gap between these countries and those countries that find themselves in a very poor socioeconomic-political situation, this movement has increased exponentially and has generated strong waves of demonstration by organizations for and against illegal immigrants. Immigration has started in the USA over four hundred years ago. History says that the first immigrants to arrive to USA were the Europeans. They start with the Industrial Revolution that gave rise to manufacturing economy, which made America become the leading power in the world. As we all know, illegal immigration is a big issue of Law Violation in the first world countries. According to Jack Martin (Special Projects Director, Federation for American Immigration Reform – FAIR) on his statement ‘Illegal Immigration and its effects on society and the economy’ he says that â€Å"The total fiscal burden from illegal immigration borne by the state’s taxpayers is considerably higher than those †¦. If the full costs of administration of justice, e.g., such costs as policing, processing, trials, interpreters, medical expenses and other incarceration costs beyond salaries of the incarceration staff were included, those estimated costs would greatly expand.â⠂¬  He also tells us that the costs borne by the state on the expenses with illegal immigrants, and with medical emergencies and incarceration the estimated cost was $ 285 million dollars per year in 2006, and estimates the rise in cost to $ 812 million dollars per year until 2020. Although there are many Immigrants crossing the border between Mexico and the United States legally, there are also many immigrants who illegally crossed the border between these two countries in a way that tries to obtain work with better wages than they do in Mexico. The United States Congress in a way to address illegal immigrants has passed the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA), including some measures to stop this wave of illegal immigration, such as sanctions against companies that hire illegal immigrants to work, has strengthened policing at its borders in order to prevent the influx of illegal immigrants. Years later there was an increase in illegal anti-immigration measures, and with this reinforcement of laws against illegal immigrants, it increased the number of illegal immigrants in the country, to the point of spreading throughout the territory, not being in the states that had previously lived more illegal immigrants, such as New York, New Jersey, Florida, Texas, Illinois, and California. Although illegal immigrants are a good part of the labor force receiving ‘under the table’ and giving substantial gains to companies employing undocumented immigrants, and there is no undocumented workers contributing to programs like Medicare or even Medicaid, with this procedure the state fails to raise millions in taxes causing a hole in the state accounts due to spending billions on illegal immigrants aid programs and support. Due to the number of visitors entering the United States who do not return to their countries of origin preferring to stay in the country illegally, many embassies in these countries have been making it difficult to assign visas to visit, reducing visas attributed annually. This process has an inversely proportional relation to the attribution of entry visas, reducing the number of visas attributed as citizens from those countries that do not return are increasing. According to FAIR between 17,000 and 19,000 foreigners are trafficked to the United States every year. These people are deceived with false promises of employment and of a better life. Victims of trafficking are exploited for purposes of commercial sex, including prostitution, stripping, pornography live-sex shows and other acts. However, trafficking also takes place in labor exploitation, including domestic servitude, sweatshop factories, agricultural work and more. â€Å"- FAIR Although the United States faces serious problems with illegal immigration, Europe is also facing many problems with this new wave of illegal immigrants moving from several poor countries in Africa. Thousands of illegal immigrants have died trying to reach Europe by land or by sea. And even by sea that in recent years has been the biggest humanitarian disaster, with records of several shipwrecks of small vessels that transport them in inhuman conditions illegal immigrants, who along the journey end up running out of water and food, many dying in the boats, which are then thrown into the sea. This situation has awakened a huge humanitarian crisis along European borders, with some European countries arranging quotas for illegal immigrants to accommodate them. But not everyone is having this luck, and many end up suffering in refugee camps where they are placed. This movement poses a certain danger to a socially, economically and politically organized society and can increase the risks of increased drug trafficking, clandestine work, prostitution and even trafficking in human beings, and increasing the deportation of illegal immigrants to their home countries. source. Undocumented immigrants are still entitled to medical care, immunizations, humanitarian aid and basic education. Much has been done to combat illegal immigration in the United States, from strengthening borders, creating stricter anti-immigration laws. Even with all this concern in dealing with Illegal Immigration, there is still a great influx of Illegal Immigrants seeking the desired American Dream. The fight against Illegal Immigration will be a constant struggle and it does not prove to have an end in sight.

Cross Cultural Communication - 9880 Words

Cross Cultural Communication: Far East Asian Countries This paper gives a short overview of the observed behavioral pattern across some of the far east Asian countries. Understanding these behavioral patterns is important for doing effective communication with people/people group from these countries. The effective communication holds one of the key of establishing business and personal relationship in these countries. This paper also looks into some of concepts and theories in intercultural and Cross-cultural communication, thus providing a brief empirical research into culture-based value variations and providing a short outline of the major works in this area (e.g. the works of Hall, Hofstede, and Schwartz). Having insight into the†¦show more content†¦It is often seen as an affirmative action of what is said. However, maintaining eye contact is not usually acceptable in certain Asian cultures, where, for example, a woman can only maintain eye contact with her husband. Clearly a woman from such a culture will cause confusion, if not disbelief, when communicating with a Western interlocutor. 2.2 Thought Pattern Another frequently examined concept is thought patterns. These can be summarized as being: * logical or pre-logic, * inductive or deductive, * abstract or concrete * Alphabetic or analphabetic These concepts are more complex, and they may require more attention, as they are slightly more difficult to grasp. For example, inductive or deductive thought patterns may have a profound impact on argumentation and communication styles, but also on the way the world is seen and understood. According to Maletzke (1996) Anglo-Saxon thought patterns are predominantly inductive, Latin American and Russian thought patterns are predominantly deductive. Whereas inductive thinking aims to derive theoretical concepts from individual cases, deductive thinking aims to interpret individual cases within previously derived theoretical concepts. Clearly, argumentation styles will be quite different in the two approaches. Equally, thinking within the Aristotelian logical tradition, which is dominant in most Western cultures may not be understood by people from aShow MoreRelatedCross Cultural Communication And Communication744 Words   |  3 PagesCross-cultural communication is increasingly recog nized as a major barrier to leveraging intellectual assets globally. The importance of cross-cultural competency has been identified in numerous areas of business, and strategies are continually developed to improve cultural awareness and effective communication and collaboration. It is important to first establish what is meant by culture and communication. Munter defines culture as consisting of â€Å"values, attitudes, and behavior in a given groupRead MoreCross Cultural Communication : Communication2036 Words   |  9 Pagesbetween cultures and wanting to promote cross-cultural communication. Promoting interaction between different cultures has its advantages, but it also takes a great amount of time and research to be successful in cross-cultural communication (Barker). Not having a strong cross-cultural understanding will inhibit companies from being able to compete with their competition due to lack of concern for other cultural differences around the world. Cross-cultural communication is no longer an option where oneRead MoreCross Cultural Communication1730 Words   |  7 PagesCross Cultural Communication Mohamed Elamin Date: 02/23/2011 City University of Seattle Abstract This paper is about comparing and contrasting the American style of communication and that of Bahrain. Different countries have their own interpretation for every single issue based on their culture background and their way of thinking. The most significant characteristics of American culture are: individualism, equality, competition, freedom and privacy, action orientation, directness, particularityRead MoreCommunication And Cross Cultural Communication1834 Words   |  8 Pageshuman day-to-day conversation of cross cultural communication. To effectively and appropriately communicate with an individual of a different culture an individual needs to fully understand the beliefs, norms and stereotypes affiliated with the culture. The process of learning a language accompanies the positives and negatives of what is acceptable within the culture in the context of communication. To equip and guide the learner, simultaneously diffusing cultural assumptions which are consideredRead MoreCro ss- Cultural Communication2005 Words   |  9 Pagesin the same boat.- Bernard Baruch Cross-cultural communication is the process of exchanging meaningful and unambiguous information across cultural boundaries, in a way that preserves mutual respect and minimizes antagonism, that is, it looks at how people from differing cultural backgrounds endeavour to communicate. The study of cross-cultural communication was originally found within businesses and the government both seeking to expand globally. Communication is interactive, so an important influenceRead MoreCross Cultural Communication : Communication2092 Words   |  9 PagesTianli Yuan 1043313 Assignment-A1 Cross-cultural communication I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. -----------Martin Luther King Communication is the transference and the understanding of meaning, it is also an activity that conveying meaning through a shared system of signs and semiotic rules. By commutingRead MoreCultural Background Of Cross Cultural Communication1328 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Culture is defined by the behavior and knowledge of a specific group of people, such as language, religion and customs. Cross cultural communication studies how people from different countries, social status, and upbringing interact with each other In this new era of globalization cross cultural communication in organization it is not no longer a theory because of all the transformation that are happening are in the world we live in. People from different backgroundsRead MoreImpact Of Communication On Cross Cultural Communication911 Words   |  4 PagesCultural differences can negatively impact effective communication thus companies need to train employees on cross-cultural communication. Companies not trained in cultural differences run the risk of ruining a business deal or relationship. Mukherjee and Ramos-Salazar (2014) mentioned, â€Å"The key to global business success depends on effective cross-cultural etiquette and global workforce diversity management† (p.18). Companies that understand differences between cultures have a competitive advantageRead MoreCross Cultural Communication Skills And Communication1318 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This paper will give a brief overview and then analyze the different cross cultural communication skills, including; oral, written, formal, informal, verbal and non verbal. It will then compare and contrast two focus areas of cross culture communication; culture and ethics. This paper will then conclude its findings Brief overview of cross-cultural communication skills Oral communication is transmitted through speech. It includes personal conversations, speeches, meetings, telephoneRead MoreImportance of Cross Cultural Communications1209 Words   |  5 PagesEffective cross-cultural communication is one of the most important issues dealt with in business, particularly when a firm operates at an international level. Communication is a process with three key elements, which includes a source, an audience, and a channel. Communication derived from businesses will have listeners that include, but are not limited to customers, employees, suppliers, and the community (Caddy et al.). These listeners contribute to the success of a firm, which is why there is

Essay on Comparison between Woman Work and Overheard in...

Comparison between Woman Work and Overheard in County Sligo Woman Work and overheard in County Sligo are both poems which give us an image of the role of woman in the past, and how she contributed to society Through reading both these poems, it is apparent that both of the poets’ backgrounds have influenced the poems. In the past, women were not considered important in society, and their efforts were not valued, not even by woman herself. Women were expected to stay at home, and become housewives. Woman lived in a society in which there was pressure to get married, wither by family pressure or societal pressure. It was not necessary for woman to conform to the beliefs and wishes of society, but many women felt compelled to†¦show more content†¦Woman Work starts with a long list of chores that she needs to do. This highlights her massive workload that she has to deal with. This verse is the largest to emphasise all the jobs that she must do. In Woman Work, I feel the atmosphere is very sad. She is very tired, and needs to rest, which shows she is unhappy. In the first verse, she repeatedly uses the word ‘I’. This emphasises that no one helps her with her chores, and she is responsible for everything. The woman in Woman work is not well off. We know this as she says ‘Star shine, Moon glow, you’re all that I can call my own.’ This implies that she does not own materialistic possessions. It could also imply that she does not even own her own time, as it is always taken up by doing the household chores. The structure of the first verse uses no punctuation. This speeds the first verse up, to reflect her life, and all she has to do. The use of concrete nouns in the first verse also suggests all she has to do. The woman in Woman Work could be angry with her situation. She says ‘Storm, blow me from here’ This could reflect her anger and aggression at her situation, as storms are ferocious. We know that she wants to get away. She says ‘Blow me from here’ This implies she wants to get away, and is unhappy. It can also imply that she feels trapped, and feels oppressed, as she can not leave. The last four verses of

Improper Garbage Disposal Free Essays

With more college graduates than jobs, the government wrestles with what to do with themSouth Korea is beginning to wrestle with the unappetizing fact that too many of its young are in college. Despite the very real success of its economy, the country can’t manufacture enough jobs for its graduates – of which it produces a lot. Singapore, Taiwan and other Asian countries to some extent face the same glut. We will write a custom essay sample on Improper Garbage Disposal or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, South Korea seems in a class by itself. Some 86 percent of all high school graduates go on to college, and most expect to graduate with a degree. About 3. 3 million students are enrolled in 347 universities – by one calculation one of every 14 South Koreans is a university student. A full 80 percent of parents fully expect their children to graduate with a degree. According to a study by the Samsung Economic Research Institute, the number of students in college is actually lowering gross domestic product by a full percentage point. The country is regularly faced with the odd phenomenon of newspaper stories about many of its brightest graduates who are forced to enroll in vocational schools in order to get a job after graduation – including a recent story in the Korea Herald about a young woman with a degree in French who enrolled in a course to become a Starbucks barista. Other tales have philosophy graduates learning to become bakers. Fewer than half of those who graduated in 2010 had found full time jobs by the end of 2011. That has pushed the South Korean government to promote vocational skills as an alternative to college, with President Lee Myung-bak turning up to open the Sudo Electric Technical High School in 20. Sudo is one of 21 so-called Meister Schools modeled on German vocational schools, that are being funded by the government and which guarantee graduates jobs. However, critics say lots more must be done and that in fact the entire education system must be redesigned. The 21 Meister schools are hardly enough, and the practical training aspects of their curricula mean funding must be increased considerably over that of academic high schools. Certification systems for the students must also be introduced. According to the SERI study published last week, â€Å"it is estimated that 42 percent of the nation’s college graduates are over-educated. † Had those 42 percent bypassed college and started working immediately after highs school, according to the study, South Korea’s gross domestic product would have been as much as a full percentage point higher. In addition, according to the study, maximum opportunity costs — tuition plus forgone income — from attending college total an estimated W19 trillion per year (US$16. 8 billion). That is W14. 77 trillion for four-year university graduates and W4. 24 trillion for two-year graduates. The average university graduate spends W119. 6 million (US$102,000) on his or her education and W53. 6 million for two-year college graduates. A college degree defines success, however, marginalizing high school graduates despite the fact that during the era of Korea’s double-digit growth era, skilled technicians and craftsmen with high school degrees were credited with building the nation’s infrastructure and lifted manufacturing up to global standards. But today, even those better suited for technical skilled jobs right after high school feel compelled to pursue a university degree,† according to the report. â€Å"Over the past 10 years, corporate executives with only a high school degree have plunged to 2. 6 percent from 7. 2 percent. † It is relatively easy to see why the young opt for college despite the crowded campuses. If half the graduates are on the street, the odds are about the same for those with a high school diploma, and after being hired they are often headed for low-skill jobs. In 2011, according to SERI, the employment rate of young people with a high school degree only was 59. 1 percent and those who were working were employed in low value-added industries and hold sales, services, technical and other such positions. Mechanical jobs and sales account for 38 percent and 32. 8 percent of working high school graduates, respectively. Consequently, high school graduates in 2011 had average monthly incomes of W1. 46 million (US$1250) — 77 percent of that of university graduates and 90 percent of two-year graduates. Job security among high school graduates also is considerably lower compared to young college graduates, according to SERI. In 2011, 72. 4 percent of all employees with a university degree or higher were in permanent jobs while only 47. 3 percent of high school graduates had them. The job of righting the situation basically almost means turning South Korean society, if not the education system, upside down, according to the SERI report. One of the big problems, according to a study by Clark W. Sorenson for the Comparative Education Review, â€Å"Vocational schools, whether public or private, are generally considered less desirable than academic high schools by the public. † At one point during the 1960s and 1970s, according to Sorenson, the government hoped to educate up to 70 percent of students in vocational schools to provide technically trained factory workers only to have parents rebel. Thus, changing both parental and student attitudes will require comprehensive measures, including developing jobs in the base industries that are the cornerstones of Korean manufacturing competitiveness . SERI recommends that a specialized organization be established to connect high school graduates to the companies that would seek to hire them. The high school curriculum also needs to be redesigned to equip high school students with what the study calls ready-to-use skill sets, teaching problem-solving skills and a sense of responsibility. The SERI study recommends borrowing an idea from the United Kingdom, which in in 2008 introduced a diploma system that requires work experience for students 14-19 years in age to strengthen their career and job education. Companies must also be brought into the equation to identify jobs graduates can fill and to expand open recruitment of high school graduates. It will also be necessary to address discrimination against applicants who have not yet fulfilled the nation’s compulsory military service requirement, the study notes. Businesses tend to avoid these applicants because of concerns over lost productivity. However, recent policy reforms should assuage their worries. For example, high school graduates now may defer their military service for four years. The point that needs to be made, however, is that Korean society has astonished the world with its ability to pivot and go in entirely new ways. It is not out of the realm of possibility that the country will go ahead and institute the reforms with the alacrity that got it this far, this fast. Set as favorite Bookmark Email This Hits: 5741Comments (2)Subscribe to this comment’s feed Re Graduate Unemployment written by Rob Schackne, June 11, 2012 We are seeing a similar situation in urban China today, where the masses of graduates face an increasingly alarming dearth of jobs. Where vocationalization, rather than education, has also got a bad smell. University graduates are waiting tables†¦ though poorly. But I wonder what government initiative was it that beckoned forth all those young people into a dream of white-collar office work. Was it prosperity, the Tiger miracle? Don’t get me wrong, education is a beautiful thing. I’d prefer to ride in a taxi driven by a well-educated French major than a taxed cretin. The conversation will be much better, and all that resentment is a good story that passes the time. 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Affirmative Action Does It Work Today Essay Example For Students

Affirmative Action Does It Work Today Essay The Unites States Constitution, in Amendment XIV, Section 1, states, All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. (1)Affirmative action can trace its roots back to the 14th amendment, although it did not really get started until Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act was passed, giving minorities equal employment rights. The overall strategy and outline for this plan were contained in Executive Order 11246, which was issued by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1972 (Gilbert et al. 2). This led to a wave of programs that were intended to further the equal employment opport unities for minority individuals. Affirmative action programs were intended to legally require organizations to be diverse. During the 1990s these programs have come under a lot of scrutiny and are being replaced with a concept known as diversity management. . Managing and valuing diversity are key aspects of organizational behavior, but the question lies in how to create the diversity within the organization. In this paper, I will examine several articles that will give us reasons that affirmative action should be replaced by diversity management, as well as one that believes that affirmative action is still needed in todays society. Mary Guy believes that affirmative action programs are still needed today. She noted that if we lived in a perfect world we would not have a need for organizations to have affirmative action programs (240). However, since people have a tendency to work around people that are most like us, programs are needed to ensure that past discriminatory actions are corrected. Opposition to these programs generally has come from advantaged groups who feel that quotas will keep them from their jobs. Since the laws creating affirmative action never required quotas, then when quotas have been put in place, they are merely exceptions to the rule (Guy 242). Diversity in the workplace has been slowly increasing under affirmative action, however, Guy feels that this is no time to abandon it, but to keep it moving forward (242). Stigmatization revisited: Does diversity management make a difference in applicant success?, written by Jacqueline Gilbert and Bette Ann Stead, includes the results of experiments conducted at two universities. These experiments examined whether there was a greater perception of increased qualifications and competence when employees were hired under a system of diversity management versus an affirmative action plan. (Gilbert Stead 1) The second article Diversity management: A New organizational paradigm, written by Jacqueline Gilbert, Bette Ann Stead, and John Ivancevich, defines diversity management and compares it to affirmative action. Furthermore they discuss strategies that will help to insure that a diversity management program is successful. (Gilbert et al. 1)In Stigmatization revisited? the authors performed experiments to determine the effects of affirmative action versus diversity management. Individuals, both women and those of color, that were hired under the guise of an affirmative action plan were generally viewed as less qualified than there peers. It was noted that the perception was that if they were qualified for the position, then they would have been no need for an affirmative action plan. Those individuals that were hired in an atmosphere of diversity management were not perceived as being more or less qualified than their peers. These results were especially evident when the job was a traditional male type, for example, an electrician (Gilbert Stead 11). They concluded that an organization that valued and promoted cultural diversity would enable women and minorities to be perceived as competent for the positions that they held. Also those companies would have an inherent advantage when it came many other areas; including resource acquisition, marketing, creativity flexibility, and corporate attractiveness. These advantages would lead to greater profits and therefore a more positive outcome (Gilbert Stead 11). .uae3897a1213b91c0fa9c82d28b60ee45 , .uae3897a1213b91c0fa9c82d28b60ee45 .postImageUrl , .uae3897a1213b91c0fa9c82d28b60ee45 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uae3897a1213b91c0fa9c82d28b60ee45 , .uae3897a1213b91c0fa9c82d28b60ee45:hover , .uae3897a1213b91c0fa9c82d28b60ee45:visited , .uae3897a1213b91c0fa9c82d28b60ee45:active { border:0!important; } .uae3897a1213b91c0fa9c82d28b60ee45 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uae3897a1213b91c0fa9c82d28b60ee45 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uae3897a1213b91c0fa9c82d28b60ee45:active , .uae3897a1213b91c0fa9c82d28b60ee45:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uae3897a1213b91c0fa9c82d28b60ee45 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uae3897a1213b91c0fa9c82d28b60ee45 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uae3897a1213b91c0fa9c82d28b60ee45 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uae3897a1213b91c0fa9c82d28b60ee45 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uae3897a1213b91c0fa9c82d28b60ee45:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uae3897a1213b91c0fa9c82d28b60ee45 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uae3897a1213b91c0fa9c82d28b60ee45 .uae3897a1213b91c0fa9c82d28b60ee45-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uae3897a1213b91c0fa9c82d28b60ee45:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Teacher observations EssayThc theories of affirmative action are changing in todays world, according to the authors of Diversity management Many states, as well as the federal government, are debating the future of programs that are viewed as giving any type of advantage to a particular group of people (i.e. race or gender) (Gilbert et al. 1). In order to alleviate concerns of discrimination, companies are developing corporate cultures that embrace cultural diversity. This is known as diversity management. Affirmative action has come under a lot of scrutiny, both by majority and minority groups, due to misperceptions and problematic implementations of the programs. Many pe ople view affirmative action as a quota system that leads to unqualified individuals being hired ahead of those that are qualified, and are therefore viewed as less competent than their peers. By treating all people equally, with regards to race and gender, these perceptions disappear (Gilbert et al. 8). These programs, however, will not work if they only exist in one part of an organization. Diversity management programs must start with the CEO and work its way down to the bottom. By being prevalent throughout an organization, the positive ethics of a strong diversity program will not be detrimentally affected with the decisions of one individual who chooses not to be ethical (Gilbert et al. 8). Through their research, the authors feel that the traditional misperceptions that are prevalent in an affirmative action program should not surface in a diverse multicultural organization (Gilbert et al. 8). As we can see, the problems that have been associated with affirmative action can be dissolved and the goals still met with a strong diversity management program within and throughout an organization. Affirmative action is under fire all around the country. Here in Georgia we have had several cases that have been brought to the publics attention. The University of Georgia is being sued because of racial preferences in its admission process (Rankin Suggs 1). The City of Atlantas affirmative action set-aside plan is being challenged in a lawsuit as well (Campos ; Rankin 1). The overall trend in these suits, as well as others throughout the country is that any system that gives preference to certain groups is actually discriminatory in and of itself. In my view the original concept of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was that any type of discrimination is in violation of the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution. Affirmative action programs that use quotas, no matter how they are implemented, result in individuals being classified and treated according to their race and gender. Diversity management programs within an organization will promote the multiculturalism that is required, as our business world becomes more and more global. Though traditional discrimination is still around in some cases, I do not believe that we need to keep affirmative action in the form that it is in today. A strong diversity management program will actually do more for the affected individuals by treating them as individuals instead of as part of a group. By looking at the individual and their individual contribution, stereotypes can be avoided. This is not an easy task, as old habits die hard, and people are slow to change. By embracing cultural differences that exist within our organization, misconceptions and prejudices can be left behind as we rise above discrimination and into diversity management. BibliographyWorks CitedCampos, Carlos, Bill Rankin. City sued on affirmative action Foundation follows through on its threat to fight Atlanta set-asides.Atlanta Journal and Constitution.27 Aug. 1999: A1Rankin, Bill, Ernie Suggs. UGA lawsuit renewed Three white female plaintiffs challenge admissions policies. Atlanta Journal and Constitution. 2 Sep. 1999: A1Gilbert, Jacqueline et al. Diversity management: A New organizational paradigm.Journal of Business Ethics. Aug. 1999: 61-76Gilbert, Jacqueline, Bette Ann Stead. Stigmatization revisited: Does diversity management make a difference in applicant success?Group ; Organization Management. Jun. 1999: 239-256. .u9569d51cef588fbd68546d75b8910f06 , .u9569d51cef588fbd68546d75b8910f06 .postImageUrl , .u9569d51cef588fbd68546d75b8910f06 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9569d51cef588fbd68546d75b8910f06 , .u9569d51cef588fbd68546d75b8910f06:hover , .u9569d51cef588fbd68546d75b8910f06:visited , .u9569d51cef588fbd68546d75b8910f06:active { border:0!important; } .u9569d51cef588fbd68546d75b8910f06 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9569d51cef588fbd68546d75b8910f06 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9569d51cef588fbd68546d75b8910f06:active , .u9569d51cef588fbd68546d75b8910f06:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9569d51cef588fbd68546d75b8910f06 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9569d51cef588fbd68546d75b8910f06 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9569d51cef588fbd68546d75b8910f06 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9569d51cef588fbd68546d75b8910f06 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9569d51cef588fbd68546d75b8910f06:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9569d51cef588fbd68546d75b8910f06 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9569d51cef588fbd68546d75b8910f06 .u9569d51cef588fbd68546d75b8910f06-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9569d51cef588fbd68546d75b8910f06:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: US Government History EssaySocial Issues